Studies on preparation and characterizations of CaO-Na2O-SiO2-P2O5 bioglass ceramics substituted with Li2O, K2O, ZnO, MgO, and B2O3

-The bioactive glass 45S5 (Hench glass), having composition 45 SiO2 24.5 Na2O 24.5 CaO -6 P2O5 (wt %) were prepared with substituted Li2O, K2O, ZnO, MgO, and B2O3 by conventional melting process in an electric globar furnace at 1400±10 OC. The Controlled crystallization were carried out to convert the bioglasses to their corresponding bioglass ceramics. Nucleation and crystallization regimes were carried out by differential thermal analysis. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the bioactive glass-ceramics were show the presence of two main crystalline phases of sodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSi3O8, Na2CaSi3O9). The effect of introduction of B2O3 in place of SiO2, to the bioactive glass (45S5) lead to the formation of a new crystalline phase of calcium sodium borate (Na2CaB5O10) and the effect of introduction of ZnO and MgO in place of CaO, to the bioactive glass 45S5 there is no additional crystalline phases were developed other than two main crystalline phases of sodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSi3O8, Na2CaSi3O9). The bioactivity of the prepared glass and glass ceramics were done by infrared absorption and reflection spectrometry before and after immersion in the simulated body fluid for different periods of time at 37.8 OC. The Chemical durability of bioglass and bioglass ceramics were determined by pH measurement methods and it was found that pH of the solution varies with change in compositions after immersed in SBF solution from 1 to 30 days.